RGPV B.Pharmacy 7th Semester Syllabus

                 PY-701 PHARMACEUTICS VIII (PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY I) 

Formulation considerations, technology involved, equipment (machine) employed, problems to be encountered, packaging evaluation and CMP (India, WHO & USFDA) requirements of the following dosage forms. 

1. Solid Dosage Forms- Tablets, Tablet coatings and Capsules. 

2. Liquid Dosage Forms- Liquid Orals, Dry Syrups. 

3. Semisolid Dosage Forms- ointments, Creams, Suppositories, Gels. 

4. Sterile Dosage Forms- Parenteral ( Small Volume Parenterals & Large Volume Parenterals ) and ophthalmic Preparations. 

5. Pharmaceutical Aerosols 

Blood Products and Plasma Substitutes: Collection, processing and storage of whole human blood, concentrated human RBC, dried human plasma, human normal immunoglobulin, plasma substitutes, ideal requirements, PVP, Dextran, etc. for control of blood pressure,  Surgical products: Definition, surgical cotton, surgical gauzes, bandages, adhesive tapes, absorbable and non absorbable sutures, ligatures and catguts, Medical prosthetics and organ replacement materials. 

List of Practicals 

1. Prepare and evaluate Paracetamol Compressed Tablets.

 2. Prepare and evaluate Effervescent Tablets of Aspirin.

3. Prepare and evaluate Dispersible tablets of Diclofenac Sodium.

4. Perform the Sugar Coating on the given sample of Tablets.

5. Perform the Film Coating on the given sample of Tablets. 6. Perform the Enteric Coating coating on the given sample of Tablets.

 7. Prepare and evaluate Tetracycline HCL Capsules.

8. Prepare and evaluate Antacid Suspension.

9. Prepare and evaluate B-Complex Syrup.

10. Prepare and evaluate Amoxicillin Dry Syrup.

11. Prepare and evaluate Castor Oil Emulsion.

12. Prepare and evaluate Diclofenac Sodium Suppositories. 13. Prepare and evaluate Vaporizing Ointment.

14. Prepare and evaluate Non-Staining Iodine Ointment containing Methyl Salicylate.

15. Prepare and evaluate Antiseptic Cream.

16. Prepare and evaluate Diclofenac Gel.

17. Prepare and evaluate Ciprofloxacin Eye Drop.

18. Prepare and evaluate Water for Injection.

19. Prepare and evaluate Oxytetracycline Injection.

20. Perform the Sability Studies of given sample of Paracetamol Tablets.

 21. Prepare and evaluate an aqueous injection of a poorly water – soluble drug using hydrotropic solubilization technique.               

     

    PY702 : Pharmaceutics-X (Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics) 

Introduction to biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics development and their role in drug formulation. 

Biopharmaceutics 

Definition , passage of drugs across biological barrier , Physiochemical , Biological and Pharmacaceutical factors influencing biopharmaceutical performance of drugs. 

1. Gastrointestinal absorption of drugs: Passage of drugs across biological membranes, nature of biological membranes, gastrointestinal absorption mechanisms. 

2. Factors affecting drug absorption : Physiological factors, dietary factors,physiochemical factors, pH partition hypothesis, dosage form factors. 

3. Methods of studying gastrointestinal absorption: In vitro and in vivo methods. 

4. Drug disposition: Distribution in blood, cellular distribution, plasma protein binding, tissue protein binding. Drug Excretion: Routes of drug excretion, renal excretion of drugs, factors affecting renal excretion, biliary and salivary excretion of drugs.   

Drug biotransformation: Pathways of drug metabolism, drug metabolizing enzymes, factors affecting drug metabolism and drug response, inhibition and stimulation of drug metabolism. Pharmacokinetics Absorbtion, distribution metabolism and excretion of drugs, fluid compartment and circulatory system, protein binding, significance of plasma drug concentration measurement. 

Compartment Models Model selection criteria, alaika information criterian, one – compartment and two compartment models, Wagner- Nelson and loo Riegelman methods for estimation of absorption constants. 

Curve fittings,regression procedure and area under blood level curves. 

        

 

Clinical Pharmacokinetics Urinary excretions, computation of pharmacokinetic parameters from urine data, haepetic clearance,biliary excretion,excretion ratio,dosage regimen adjustment in patients with and without renal failure, pharmacokinetic drug interaction and their significance in combination therapy. 

Biovailability and Bioequivalance Biovailability and Bio-equivalance, Federal requirements, Methods of determination of bioavailability using blood level and urinary excretion data, design and evaluations, bioavailability assessment.  

 

List of Practicals  

1. Determine the percentage protein binding of the given drug. 

2. Determine oral bioavailability of the given drug/formulation by urinary excretion method using animal model.  

3. Perform bioequivalence study of two different brands of the marketed tablets of the given drug using animal model. 

4. Determine the rate of in-vitro absorption of the given drug using everted intestinal sack.  

5. Determine the effect of different pH condition on solubility of a weekly acidic or basic drug and study PH partition hypothesis. 

6. Establish IVIVC for the given sample of drug. 

7. Calculate elimination rate constant and elimination half life of given excretion data by sigma minus method. 

8. Calculate elimination rate constant and elimination half life of the given drug data administered by i.v. bolus injection represented by one compartment model. 

9. Calculate various pharmacokinetic parameters from the given data generated after single extra vascular administration of drug represented by one compartment model. 

10. Calculate various pharmacokinetic parameters from the given data obtained by using two compartment open model.          

         PY - 703 : PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY         VIII    (MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-III) 

The synthesis of the selected drugs, mode of action, classification, uses, SAR of the following category of

drugs:

Drugs acting on Cardiovascular system :

 Cardiac Glycosides

 Antiarrythmic drugs

 Antianginal drugs

 Antihypertensive drugs

 Antihyperlipidimic drugs

Drugs acting on Urinary system :

 Diuretics

Chemotherapeutic Agents

 Anti metabolites(Including Sulpha durgs) 

 Anti viral & Anti HIV,

 Anti neoplastic, 

 Anti malarials,

 AntiProtozoal

 Anti tubercular, 

 Anthelmintics, 

 Antifungals

 B-lactum antibiotics

 Aminoglycosides

 Protein synthesis inhibitors (Tetracyclins,chloramphenicol,Macrolides)

 Miscellaneous antibiotics (Bacitracin, Glycopeptides, Polymyxins)

 Immuno- suppressive

Drugs affecting uterine motility

 Oxytocins (including prostaglandins and Ergot alkaloids).

   

                                 

                       

        PY704 : Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Theory

Historical Development :  

Immunology and Immunological Preparations : Principles, Antigens and antibodies, Antigen-antibody reactions and their applications, Immune system.Cellular humoral immunity, Immunological tolerance, Hypersensitibity, Immunological and diagnostic preparations: Methods of their preparation, standardization and storage. 

Enzyme Immobilization – Techniques of Immobilization of enzymes, Kinetics and factors affecting enzymes kinetics, Enzymes based sensors, Study of  enzymes such as Hyaluronidase, Penicillinase, Strepto- Kinase, Amylases etc. Immobilization of bacteria and plant cells, Applications of Immobilization. 

Genetic Recombination : 

 Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction, Protoplast fusion, Gene cloning and their applications, Monoclonal antibodies and hybridoma technology, Recombinant DNA technology: Concepts, Methodology and Pharmaceutical applications. Study of drugs produced by biotechnology such as Activase, Humulin, Humatrope, Introne A, Monoclate, Orthoclone OKT3, Referon-A, Recombivax HB etc.Drug delivery systems in Gene therapy.  

Microbiological Transformation –  Intoduction, Types of reactions mediated by micro organisms. Design of biotransformation processes, Selection of organism, Biotransformation processes and its improvements with special refrence to steroids.   

Industrial Biotechnology –  Historical development, Fermenter and its design, Control of different parameters in fermentation process, Isolation of mutants, Use of  mutagenic agents, Factors in influencing rate of mutation. Design of fermentation process, Fermentative, production of Alcohol, Acetic acid, Penicillin, Streptomycin, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12.       

   

 List of Practicals  

1. Detect the presence of the amylase enzyme in saliva.

2. Isolate the DNA from cauliflower.

3. Perform VDRL test for the given sample of blood.

 4. Isolate the phospholipid from egg yolk .

5. Perform WIDAL test for the given sample of blood.

 6. Perform DOT ELISA test of the given sample of  blood.

7. Isolate the total RNA from yeast tablet.

8. Immobilize  the given enzyme by adsorption method using calcium alginate beads.

9. Perform titre value of antibody in given blood sample.             

                                PY -705 : Pharmacology – IV 

Chemotherapy of Microbial Diseases 

 General principles  Synthetic organic antimicrobials (Sulphonamides, quinolones etc.)  B-lactum antibiotics  Aminoglycosides  Protein synthesis inhibitors (Tetracyclins,chloramphenicol,Macrolides)  Antitubercular drugs, antileprotic drugs,antiprotozoals, anthelmintics, antifungals  Antiretroviral and antiviral drugs  Miscellaneous antibiotics (Bacitracin, Glycopeptides, Polymyxins) 

 Chemotherapy of cancer and immunosuppressive agents 

 Basic concepts of Pharmacotherapy 

 Individualization of drug therapy : Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics   Drug use during pregnancy, Pediatrics and Geriatrics  Adverse drug reactions and drug induced diseases  Drug interactions  Therapeutic drug monitoring 

 Clinical Toxicology 

 Definition of poison  General principles of treatment of poisoning   Treatment of opioid, barbiturate, organophosphorous, and atropine poisoning  Heavy metals and heavy metal antagonists